India intends to issue a Unique Identity (UID) number to all residents of the country. The first UID numbers should be issued by early 2010.
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There has been a long felt need in the country for a system of unique identification of every individual for a variety of purposes such as better targeting of government’s development schemes, regulatory purposes (including taxation and licensing), security purposes, banking and financial sector activities, etc.
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You can find the official press release at:
PIB Press Release
Of course, not everyone likes ID numbers and ID cards. There are organisations that are against such ID management, for example this British organisation:
NO2ID:why not?